% This is the asp2014.sty LaTeX style file -- DO NOT CHANGE THIS FILE
% Copyright 2021, Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
% Revision:  January 2021

% Some parts of this file originate from newpasp.sty.
% For questions contact ASP Conference Series, www.aspbooks.org.

% Added virtual conference functionality

%%% COMMENTS -- Comment style:
% File Header information includes file name and ASPCS Copyright.

% '%%%' HEADING -- Represents a major heading in a file (all caps)
%   followed by information about the section.

\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{array}

\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{dcolumn}
\newcolumntype{d}[1]{D{.}{.}{#1}}
\newcommand\mc[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{#1}}


\usepackage{txfonts}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage{lscape}
\usepackage{index}
\usepackage{graphicx,amssymb}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{chapterbib}
%\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
  \usepackage[bookmarks=true,bookmarksnumbered=false,bookmarksopen=false,colorlinks=false,pagebackref=false,hidelinks=true,pdfauthor={ASP Conference Series},pdftitle={ASPCS}]{hyperref}
\else
  \usepackage[dvipdfm,bookmarks=true,bookmarksnumbered=false,bookmarksopen=false,colorlinks=false,pagebackref=false,hidelinks=true,pdfauthor={ASP Conference Series},pdftitle={ASPCS}]{hyperref}
\fi
%\usepackage{breakurl}
\usepackage{ncccropmark}   % For Proofing:  Use this line to show margin guides
\usepackage{watermark}   % For Proofing:  Use this line to show margin guides

%\hypersetup{
%    colorlinks=true, %set true if you want colored links
%    linktoc=all,     %set to all if you want both sections and subsections linked
%    linkcolor=blue,  %choose some color if you want links to stand out
%}

%%% VOLUME AND SLUG INFORMATION -- Do not change this file.

% Volume Number
\def\@aspvolume{**Volume Number**}
\newcommand{\aspvolume}[1]{\gdef\@aspvolume{#1}}
\newcommand{\volume}{\@aspvolume}
% Usage in main file:  \aspvolume{0} % Insert volume number from ASPCS

% Volume Copyright Year
\def\@aspcpryear{**Copyright Year**}
\newcommand{\aspcpryear}[1]{\gdef\@aspcpryear{#1}}
\newcommand{\cpryear}{\@aspcpryear}
% Usage in main file:  \aspcpryear{2014} % Insert year received from ASPCS

% Volume Title for Slug
\def\@aspvoltitle{**Volume Title**}
\newcommand{\aspvoltitle}[1]{\gdef\@aspvoltitle{#1}}
\newcommand{\voltitle}{\@aspvoltitle}
% Usage in main file:  \aspvoltitle{ASPCS Instructions for Authors and Editors} % Insert Full Title in Initial Caps

% Volume Author for Slug
\def\@aspvolauthor{**Author**}
\newcommand{\aspvolauthor}[1]{\gdef\@aspvolauthor{#1}}
\newcommand{\volauthor}{\@aspvolauthor}
% Usage in main file:  \aspvolauthor{T. J. Mahoney and Lisa B. Roper, eds.} % Insert Editors
% Use a serial comma with 3 or more editors with "and" not "&" between last two names.
% Follow editors' names with comma and "ed." or "eds."

%%% COPYRIGHT INFORMATION -- Do not change this file.

% Volume LCCN
\def\@aspLCCN{**LCCN**}
\newcommand{\aspLCCN}[1]{\gdef\@aspLCCN{#1}}
\newcommand{\LCCN}{\@aspLCCN}
% Usage in main file:  \aspLCCN{Not Applicable}

% Volume ISBN
\def\@aspISBN{**ISBN**} % As of 2007, should be 978-1-58381-XXX-X
\newcommand{\aspISBN}[1]{\gdef\@aspISBN{#1}}
\newcommand{\ISBN}{\@aspISBN}
% Usage in main file:  \aspISBN{Not Applicable}

% Volume eISBN
\def\@aspeISBN{**eISBN**}
\newcommand{\aspeISBN}[1]{\gdef\@aspeISBN{#1}}
\newcommand{\eISBN}{\@aspeISBN}
% Usage in main file:  \aspeISBN}{978-1-58381-681-3}

% Volume Contract Number
\def\@aspContract{**CN**}
\newcommand{\aspContract}[1]{\gdef\@aspContract{#1}}
\newcommand{\Contract}{\@aspContract}
% Usage in main file:  \aspContract}{91}

% Slug, Header, and Footer Style
% Either true or false (No slug or page numbers)
\newboolean{aspPageSlug}
\setboolean{aspPageSlug}{true}
\newcommand{\aspRemovePageSlug}{\setboolean{aspPageSlug}{false}}%
%% Usage in main file:  \aspRemovePageSlug

%%% HALFTITLE PAGE

% Volume Title for Halftitle Page
\def\@asphalftitle{**BOOK TITLE**}
\newcommand{\asphalftitle}[1]{\gdef\@asphalftitle{#1}}
\newcommand{\halftitle}{\@asphalftitle}
% Usage in main file:  \asphalftitle{ASP CONFERENCE SERIES\\ INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS AND EDITORS} % IN ALL CAPS

% Book Cover Illustration Information
\def\@aspcoverinfo{\relax}
\global\let\@aspcoverinfo\@empty
\newcommand{\aspcoverinfo}[1]{\gdef\@aspcoverinfo{#1}}
\newcommand{\blurb}{\@aspcoverinfo}
% Usage in main file:
%\aspcoverinfo{\emph{Celestial Tryst:}  The moon, Venus, and Jupiter 
%   in the evening sky from the coastline south of Pacifica, California 
%   on November 30, 2008.\\\mbox{}\\Photographed by James Manning, former 
%   Executive Director of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.} % In 
%   Mixed Case (Initial Caps)

% Editors:  Please be sure to obtain permission from the author and from the publisher if previously published.
% Suggested acknowledgement wording might include the following, depending upon the circumstance:
%   Image/drawing/photo courtesy of individual or organization who created the image.
%   Referenced in this volume, author name, p. xxx.
%   By the kind permission of publisher, volume number, author and page number.
%   Copyright held by name and place.

%%% TITLE PAGE

% Volume Title for Title Page
\def\@aspmaintitle{**MAIN TITLE**}
\newcommand{\aspmaintitle}[1]{\gdef\@aspmaintitle{#1}}
\newcommand{\maintitle}{\@aspmaintitle}
% Usage in main file: \aspmaintitle{ASP CONFERENCE SERIES\\ INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS AND EDITORS} % IN ALL CAPS

% Volume Meeting Type
\def\@aspmtgtype{\relax}
\global\let\@aspmtgtype\@empty
\newcommand{\aspmtgtype}[1]{\gdef\@aspmtgtype{#1}}
\newcommand{\mtgtype}{\@aspmtgtype}
% Usage in main file: \aspmtgtype{Proceedings of a conference held in}

% Meeting Venue
\def\@aspmtgvenue{\relax}
\global\let\@aspmtgvenue\@empty
\newcommand{\aspmtgvenue}[1]{\gdef\@aspmtgvenue{#1}}
\newcommand{\venue}{\@aspmtgvenue}
% Usage in main file: \aspmtgvenue{St. Louis, Missouri, USA}
% Spell out fully (Institute, City, State, Country).

% Meeting Time
\def\@aspmtgwhen{\relax}
\newcommand{\aspmtgwhen}[1]{\gdef\@aspmtgwhen{#1}}
\newcommand{\when}{\@aspmtgwhen}
% Usage in main file: \aspmtgwhen{1--5 June 2008}
% In 7--11 May 2001 format with no commas

%%% EDITOR INFORMATION -- Please include Department, Institute, City, State, Country in the affiliation

% First Editor Name
\def\@aspeditorone{\relax}
\global\let\@aspeditorone\@empty
\newcommand{\aspfirsteditor}[1]{\gdef\@aspeditorone{#1}}
\newcommand{\firsteditor}{\@aspeditorone}
% Usage in main file: \aspfirsteditor{T. J. Mahoney}

% First Editor Affiliation
\def\@aspaffilone{\relax}
\newcommand{\aspfirstaffil}[1]{\gdef\@aspaffilone{#1}}
\newcommand{\firstaffil}{\@aspaffilone}
% Usage in main file: \aspfirstaffil{Instituto de Astrof\'\i sica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain}

% Second Editor
\def\@aspeditortwo{\relax}
\global\let\@aspeditortwo\@empty
\newcommand{\aspsecondeditor}[1]{\gdef\@aspeditortwo{#1}}
\newcommand{\secondeditor}{\@aspeditortwo}
% Usage in main file: \aspsecondeditor{**Name**}

% Second Editor Affiliation
\def\@aspaffiltwo{\relax}
\newcommand{\aspsecondaffil}[1]{\gdef\@aspaffiltwo{#1}}
\newcommand{\secondaffil}{\@aspaffiltwo}
% Usage in main file: \aspfirstaffil{**Affiliation**}

% Third Editor
\def\@aspeditorthree{\relax}
\global\let\@aspeditorthree\@empty
\newcommand{\aspthirdeditor}[1]{\gdef\@aspeditorthree{#1}}
\newcommand{\thirdeditor}{\@aspeditorthree}

% Third Editor Affiliation
\def\@aspaffilthree{\relax}
\newcommand{\aspthirdaffil}[1]{\gdef\@aspaffilthree{#1}}
\newcommand{\thirdaffil}{\@aspaffilthree}

% Fourth Editor
\def\@aspeditorfour{\relax}
\global\let\@aspeditorfour\@empty
\newcommand{\aspfourtheditor}[1]{\gdef\@aspeditorfour{#1}}
\newcommand{\fourtheditor}{\@aspeditorfour}

% Fourth Editor Affiliation
\def\@aspaffilfour{\relax}
\newcommand{\aspfourthaffil}[1]{\gdef\@aspaffilfour{#1}}
\newcommand{\fourthaffil}{\@aspaffilfour}

% Fifth Editor
\def\@aspeditorfive{\relax}
\global\let\@aspeditorfive\@empty
\newcommand{\aspfiftheditor}[1]{\gdef\@aspeditorfive{#1}}
\newcommand{\fiftheditor}{\@aspeditorfive}

% Fifth Editor Affiliation
\def\@aspaffilfive{\relax}
\newcommand{\aspfifthaffil}[1]{\gdef\@aspaffilfive{#1}}
\newcommand{\fifthaffil}{\@aspaffilfive}

% Part Name (Usually either Part or Session)
\def\@asppartname{Part}
\newcommand{\asppartname}[1]{\gdef\@asppartname{#1}}
\renewcommand{\partname}{\@asppartname}
% Usage in main file: \asppartname{Part} % Name of the Major Sections: Part

% Define the organization (ASP), genre (conference proceedings),
% version number (version 1.0) and date of version (1 January 2004) - all of
% which will appear in the .log file:
\def\revtex@ver{2.0}		
\def\revtex@date{1 March 2009}	
\def\revtex@org{ASP}
\def\revtex@jnl{}
\def\revtex@genre{conference proceedings}

% The following command types all the above information into the .log file:
\typeout{\revtex@org\space
\ifx\revtex@jnl\@empty\else\revtex@jnl\space\fi
\revtex@genre\space substyle, version \revtex@ver\space <\revtex@date>.}

\def\revtex@pageid{\xdef\@thefnmark{\null}
\@footnotetext{This \revtex@genre\space was prepared with the
\revtex@org\space \revtex@jnl\space Rev\TeX\ macros v\revtex@ver.}}
% The following routine issues a warning for documentclass font sizes smaller
% than 11 pt ("\@ptsize takes values 0, 1 or 2 (representing 10, 11 and 12 pt):
\ifnum\@ptsize<1
\typeout{Warning: Undersize manuscript font (1\@ptsize\space pts).
	Use 11pt documentclass option.}
\fi
% The value of 1\@ptsize might need to be 0 for some IAU publications. Check with the IAU.

% This routine defines where the slug and page number go on the
% first page of any article, regardless of whether page is even or odd:
\def\ps@paspcstitle{%
	\ifthenelse{\boolean{aspPageSlug}}{%
    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo%
    \def\@oddhead{\null{\footnotesize\it\@slug}\hfil}%
    \def\@oddfoot{\rm\hfil\thepage\hfil}%
    \let\@evenhead\@oddhead\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot
	}{%
    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo%
    \def\@oddhead{~}%
	  \def\@oddfoot{~}%
    \let\@evenhead\@oddhead\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot
  }%
}%

% Now set odd page head to contain running title & page number:
\def\ps@myheadings{%
	\ifthenelse{\boolean{aspPageSlug}}{%
    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo%
    \def\@oddhead{\hbox{}\hfil\sl\rightmark\hskip 1in\rm\thepage}%
    % The odd foot is empty:
    \def\@oddfoot{}%
    % ... and the even page head and foot to contain the author names & page no.:
    \def\@evenhead{\rm\thepage\hskip 1in\sl\leftmark\hfil\hbox{}}%
    % The even foot is also empty:
    \def\@evenfoot{}%
	}{%
    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo%
    \def\@oddhead{~}%
	  \def\@oddfoot{~}%
    \let\@evenhead\@oddhead\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot
  }%
  \def\sectionmark##1{}%
  \def\subsectionmark##1{}%
}%
\def\@leftmark#1#2{\sec@upcase{#1}}
\def\@rightmark#1#2{\sec@upcase{#2}}

\providecommand{\mainmatter}{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \@mainmattertrue
  %\label{aspendfrontmatter} 
  \typeout{(ASP) Front Matter End: \arabic{page}}
  \pagenumbering{arabic}
  \parindent=2em
  \typeout{(ASP) Main Matter Begin: \arabic{page}}
}%

\providecommand\backmatter{%
  \pagestyle{myheadings}   % Required for formatting
  \if@openright
    \cleardoublepage
  \else
    \clearpage
  \fi
  \@mainmatterfalse
}%


% Define page and text layout:
\textwidth=5.25in
\textheight=8.3in
\headheight=18pt
\headsep=18pt
\topmargin=0in
\footskip=.25in
\oddsidemargin=0.49in
\evensidemargin=0.49in
\parindent=2em
\parskip=.1ex
\def\@singleleading{0.9}
\def\@doubleleading{1.6}
\def\baselinestretch{\@singleleading}
\def\tightenlines{\def\baselinestretch{\@singleleading}}
\def\loosenlines{\def\baselinestretch{\@doubleleading}}
\clubpenalty\@M
\widowpenalty\@M

% Input for slug:
\def\@journalname{ASP Conference Series}
\def\cpr@holder{Astronomical Society of the Pacific}
\let\journalid=\@gobbletwo
\let\articleid=\@gobbletwo
\let\received=\@gobble
\let\accepted=\@gobble

% Order of information in slug:
\def\@slug{{\tabcolsep\z@\begin{tabular}[t]{l}\voltitle\\
%\@journalname, Vol.\ \@jourvol, \cpr@year\\ 
%LR: 4/13/07 changed to insert copyright symbol
%\@journalname, Vol.\ \@jourvol\\ \vol@author , eds.\\ {\raisebox{1.5pt}{\tiny\copyright}}\hspace{-1pt}\ \cpr@year\ Astronomical Society of the Pacific 
\@journalname, Vol.\ \volume\\ \volauthor\\ {\raisebox{1.5pt}{\tiny\copyright}}\hspace{-1pt}\ \cpryear\ Astronomical Society of the Pacific 
\end{tabular}}
}

% Title, author names & affiliations to be indented by 0.45 inches:
\def\paspconf@frontindent{.45in}

% Title format, font, etc.:
\def\title#1{%
  \vspace*{2.5\baselineskip}
  \@tempdima\textwidth \advance\@tempdima by-\paspconf@frontindent
  \hfill
  \parbox{\@tempdima}
	{\pretolerance=10000\raggedright\large\bf\sec@upcase{#1}}\par
  \vspace*{1\baselineskip}
  \thispagestyle{title}
}%

%Author format, font, etc.:
\def\author#1{\vspace*{1\baselineskip}
\@tempdima\textwidth \advance\@tempdima by-\paspconf@frontindent
\hfill
\parbox{\@tempdima}
{\pretolerance=10000\raggedright{#1}}\par}
\def\affil#1{\vspace*{.5\baselineskip}
\@tempdima\textwidth \advance\@tempdima by-\paspconf@frontindent
\hfill
\parbox{\@tempdima}
{\pretolerance=10000\raggedright{\it #1}}\par}

% Affiliation format, font, etc.:
\def\altaffilmark#1{$^{#1}$}
\def\altaffiltext#1#2{\footnotetext[#1]{#2}}

% Abstract format
\def\abstract{\vspace*{1.3\baselineskip}\bgroup\leftskip\paspconf@frontindent
\noindent{\bf\sec@upcase{\small Abstract.}}\hskip 1em\small}
\def\endabstract{\par\egroup\vspace*{1.4\baselineskip}}

\def\ConfSession#1#2#3{% 
  \vspace*{2.5\baselineskip}
  \@tempdima\textwidth \advance\@tempdima by-\paspconf@frontindent
  \hfill
  \parbox{\@tempdima}
  {\pretolerance=10000%
  \raggedright{\large{#1}}\\
  \raggedright{\footnotesize{#2}}\\
  \vspace*{0.5\baselineskip}
  \raggedright{Conference Strand: \emph{#3}}\\
  \vspace*{1.5\baselineskip}  
  }\par
  %\vspace*{1\baselineskip}
}%




% Distance of first footnote from bottom of text.
\skip\footins 4ex plus 1ex minus .5ex

% Separation between footnotes:
\footnotesep 3ex

% Format the footnotes:
\long\def\@makefntext#1{\noindent\hbox {\hss$^{\@thefnmark}$}\hspace{0ex}#1} % No space between footnote mark and following text.

\def\tablenotemark#1{\rlap{$^{#1}$}}
\def\tablenotetext#1#2{
\@temptokena={\vspace{.5ex}{\noindent\llap{$^{#1}$}#2}\par}
\@temptokenb=\expandafter{\tblnote@list}
\xdef\tblnote@list{\the\@temptokenb\the\@temptokena}}
\def\spewtablenotes{
\ifx\tblnote@list\@empty
\else
\let\@temptokena=\tblnote@list
\xdef\tblnote@list{\@empty}
\vspace{4.5ex}
\footnoterule
\vspace{.5ex}
{\footnotesize\@temptokena}
\fi}
\newtoks\@temptokenb
\def\tblnote@list{}
\def\endtable{\spewtablenotes\end@float}
\@namedef{endtable*}{\spewtablenotes\end@dblfloat}
\let\tableline=\hline
\def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
\def\fnum@figure{\small Figure \thefigure.}
\def\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
\def\fnum@table{\small Table \thetable.}
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{
\vskip 10pt
\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1\hskip 1.5em #2}
\let\@tempdima=\hsize \advance\@tempdima by -2em
\ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\@tempdima
	{\leftskip 2em
	#1\hskip 1.5em #2\par}
\else
	\hbox to\hsize{\hskip 2em\box\@tempboxa\hfil}
\fi}
\def\fps@figure{tbp}
\def\fps@table{htbp}
\let\keywords=\@gobble
\let\subjectheadings=\@gobble
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}

\def\upper{\def\sec@upcase##1{\uppercase{##1}}}
\def\sec@upcase#1{\relax#1}
\def\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-4.2ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{2.2ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\bf}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-2.2ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{1.1ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\bf}}
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{-2.2ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{1.1ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\bf}}
\def\altsubsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{-2.2ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{-1.2em}{\normalsize\it}}

\def\inlinesubsubsection#1{
	\def\thesubsubsection{\hskip -1em}
	\altsubsubsection{#1}
	\def\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic\c@subsubsection}
}

\def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}
\def\thesubsection{\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}
\def\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic\c@subsubsection}
\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
	\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
		\def\@svsec{}
	\else
		\refstepcounter{#1}\edef\@svsec{\csname the#1\endcsname.\hskip 1em }
	\fi
	\@tempskipa #5\relax
	\ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
		\begingroup #6\relax
		\@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty \@M \sec@upcase{#8}\par}%
		\endgroup
		\csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}
	\else
		\def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname
		{#7}.
		}
	\fi
	\@xsect{#5}
}%

\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{%
  \@tempskipa #3\relax
  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
    \begingroup #4\@hangfrom{\hskip #1}{\interlinepenalty \@M \sec@upcase{#5}\par}\endgroup
  \else 
    \def\@svsechd{#4\hskip #1\relax #5.}
  \fi
  \@xsect{#3}
}%
  
\def\acknowledgments{%
  \@startsection{paragraph}{4}{1em}{1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex}{-1em}{\bf}{\sec@upcase{Acknowledgments}}
}%

\usepackage{natbib}
\bibpunct[, ]{(}{)}{;}{u}{}{,}

\let\acknowledgements=\acknowledgments			
\def\qanda@heading{Discussion}
\newif\if@firstquestion \@firstquestiontrue
\newenvironment{question}[1]{\if@firstquestion
\section*{\qanda@heading}\global\@firstquestionfalse\fi
\par\vskip 1ex
\noindent{\it#1\/}:}{\par}
\newenvironment{answer}[1]{\par\vskip 1ex
\noindent{\it#1\/}:}{\par}
\def\last{\newif\if@firstquestion \@firstquestiontrue}

\def\mathwithsecnums{
\@newctr{equation}[section]
\def\theequation{\hbox{\normalsize\arabic{section}-\arabic{equation}}}}
\def\references{\small\section*{References}
\small\bgroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=.5ex
\def\refpar{\par\hangindent=3em\hangafter=1}}
\def\endreferences{\refpar\egroup}
\def\thebibliography{\small\section*{\small References}
\list{\null}{\leftmargin 3em\labelwidth 0pt\labelsep 0pt\itemindent -3em
\itemsep 0pt \parsep 0pt\usecounter{enumi}}
\def\refpar{\relax}
\def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\def\endthebibliography{\endlist}
\def\@biblabel#1{\relax}
\def\@cite#1#2{#1\if@tempswa , #2\fi}
\def\reference{\relax\refpar}
\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi
\def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
{\@citea\def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }\@ifundefined
{b@\@citeb}{\@warning
{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}
\let\jnl@style=\rm
\def\ref@jnl#1{{\jnl@style#1\/}}
\def\aj{\ref@jnl{AJ}}			
\def\araa{\ref@jnl{ARA\&A}}		
\def\apj{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}			
\def\apjl{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}		
\def\apjs{\ref@jnl{ApJS}}		
\def\ao{\ref@jnl{Appl.Optics}}		
\def\apss{\ref@jnl{Ap\&SS}}		
\def\aap{\ref@jnl{A\&A}}		
\def\aapr{\ref@jnl{A\&A~Rev.}}		
\def\aaps{\ref@jnl{A\&AS}}		
%LR: 4/13/07 added defintion for ASP Conf. Ser. citation
\def\aspcs{\ref@jnl{ASP Conf.~Ser.}}
\def\azh{\ref@jnl{AZh}}			
\def\baas{\ref@jnl{BAAS}}		
\def\ion#1#2{{\rm #1}~{\sc #2}}
\def\jrasc{\ref@jnl{JRASC}}		
\def\memras{\ref@jnl{MmRAS}}		
\def\mnras{\ref@jnl{MNRAS}}
\def\nat{\ref@jnl{Nat}}		
\def\pra{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.A}}		
\def\prb{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.B}}		
\def\prc{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.C}}		
\def\prd{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.D}}		
\def\prl{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.Lett}}	
\def\pasp{\ref@jnl{PASP}}		
\def\pasj{\ref@jnl{PASJ}}		
\def\qjras{\ref@jnl{QJRAS}}
\def\science{\ref@jnl{Sci}}		
\def\skytel{\ref@jnl{S\&T}}		
\def\solphys{\ref@jnl{Solar~Phys.}}	
\def\sovast{\ref@jnl{Soviet~Ast.}}	
\def\ssr{\ref@jnl{Space~Sci.Rev.}}	
\def\zap{\ref@jnl{ZAp}}			
\let\astap=\aap
\let\apjlett=\apjl
\let\apjsupp=\apjs
\def\deg{\hbox{$^\circ$}}
\def\sun{\hbox{$\odot$}}
\def\earth{\hbox{$\oplus$}}
\def\la{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{\lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$<$}}}}
\def\ga{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{\lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$>$}}}}
\def\sq{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
\def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}}
\def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\fd{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}}
\def\fh{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm h}$}}
\def\fm{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm m}$}}
\def\fs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm s}$}}
\def\fdg{\hbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}}
\def\farcm{\hbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}}
\def\farcs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\fp{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\rm p}$}}
\def\micron{\hbox{$\mu$m}}
\def\onehalf{\hbox{$\,^1\!/_2$}}	
\def\onethird{\hbox{$\,^1\!/_3$}}
\def\twothirds{\hbox{$\,^2\!/_3$}}
\def\onequarter{\hbox{$\,^1\!/_4$}}
\def\threequarters{\hbox{$\,^3\!/_4$}}
\def\ubv{\hbox{$U\!BV$}}		
\def\ubvr{\hbox{$U\!BV\!R$}}		
\def\ubvri{\hbox{$U\!BV\!RI$}}		
\def\ubvrij{\hbox{$U\!BV\!RI\!J$}}		
\def\ubvrijh{\hbox{$U\!BV\!RI\!J\!H$}}		
\def\ubvrijhk{\hbox{$U\!BV\!RI\!J\!H\!K$}}		
\def\ub{\hbox{$U\!-\!B$}}		
\def\bv{\hbox{$B\!-\!V$}}		
\def\vr{\hbox{$V\!-\!R$}}		
\def\ur{\hbox{$U\!-\!R$}}		
\newcount\lecurrentfam
\def\LaTeX{\lecurrentfam=\the\fam \leavevmode L\raise.42ex
\hbox{$\fam\lecurrentfam\scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$}\kern-.15em\TeX}
%\def\plotone#1{\centering \leavevmode
%\epsfxsize=.95\textwidth \epsfbox{#1}}
%%NEXT 6 LINES ADDED BY LISA ROPER 1/1/08, TAKEN FROM ADASS V ADAPTATION BY J. BARNES, 7/30/95 
%%found at iraf.noao.edu/iraf/ftp/iraf/conf/adass-95/proc/aspconf.doc,
%%modified in adassconf2006.sty in ASPCS Vol. 376 
\@ifundefined{epsfbox}{\@input{epsf.sty}}{\relax}
\def\eps@scaling{.95}

\newcommand{\epsscale}[1]{%
  \def\eps@scaling{#1}
}%

\newcommand{\plotone}[2][width=.95\textwidth]{%
  \centering 
  \leavevmode  
  \includegraphics[#1]{#2}
}%

\newcommand{\plottwo}[2]{%
  \centering 
  \leavevmode
  \includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{#1}%
  \hfil
  \includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{#2}%
}%

\newcommand{\plotthree}[3]{%3
  \centering 
  \leavevmode  
  \includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{#1}% 
  \hfil
  \includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{#2}%
  \hfil 
  \includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{#3}% 
}%

\newcommand{\plotboxthree}[3]{%
  \centering 
  \leavevmode
  \includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{#1}%
  \hfil
  \includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{#2}%
  \vspace{1ex}
  \includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{#3}%
  \hfil
}%

\newcommand{\plotfour}[4]{%
  \centering 
  \leavevmode
  \includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{#1}%
  \hfil
  \includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{#2}%
  \vspace{1ex}
  \includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{#3}%
  \hfil
  \includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{#4}%
}%

\newcommand{\plotfiddle}[7]{%
  \centering
  \leavevmode
  \vbox to#2{\rule{0pt}{#2}}
  \special{psfile=#1 voffset=#7 hoffset=#6 vscale=#5 hscale=#4 angle=#3}
}%

\newif\if@finalstyle \@finalstyletrue
\if@finalstyle
  \ps@myheadings		
  \let\ps@title=\ps@paspcstitle	
\else
  \ps@plain			
  \let\ps@title=\ps@plain	
\fi%
\ds@twoside

%\renewcommand{\cleardoublepage}{%
%  \clearpage
%  \if@twoside 
%  \ifodd \c@page
%  \else% 
%    \hbox{}% 
%    \thispagestyle{empty} 
%    \newpage% 
%    \if@twocolumn
%      \hbox{}
%      \newpage
%    \fi
%  \fi
%\fi}

% Allow \part to fill use the back side of a page
\newcommand{\allowpartback}{%
  \renewcommand\@endpart{%
    \vfil
    \if@twoside
      \null
      \thispagestyle{empty}%
      \newpage
    \fi
    \if@tempswa
      \twocolumn
    \fi}%
}%

% Restore \part to the original version
\newcommand{\restorepartback}{%
  \renewcommand\@endpart{%
    \vfil
    \newpage
    \if@twoside
      \null
      \thispagestyle{empty}%
      \newpage
    \fi
    \if@tempswa
      \twocolumn
    \fi}%
}%


% Added 7/11/06 by Jared
% Modified 2/18/09 by Jonathan
\renewcommand\part{%
  \typeout{(ASP) Part Begin: \arabic{page}}%
  \thispagestyle{empty}
	\markboth{}{}
  \if@openright
    \cleardoublepage
  \else
    \clearpage
  \fi
  \thispagestyle{empty}
  \if@twocolumn
    \onecolumn
    \@tempswatrue
  \else
    \@tempswafalse
  \fi
  \null\vfil
  \typeout{(ASP) Part End: \arabic{page}}%
  \secdef\@asppart\@spart}%

\def\@asppart[#1]#2{%
    \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
      \refstepcounter{part}%
      \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\partline{#2}}%
    \else
      \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\unpartline{#2}}%
    \fi
    \markboth{}{}%
    {\centering
     \interlinepenalty \@M
     \normalfont
     \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
       \huge\bfseries \partname\nobreakspace\thepart
       \par
       \vskip 20\p@
     \fi
     \Huge \bfseries #2\par
    }%
    \@endpart}%

\newcommand\tocentry[2]{%
	\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\tocline{#1}{#2}{\thepage}}
}%

% For adjusting the number width in the table of contents
\newcommand\tocnumwidth[1]{%
  \ifx&#1&%
	  \relax
	\else
    \renewcommand\@pnumwidth{#1}
  \fi%
}%

\renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
    \pagestyle{myheadings}%
    %\title{}
    \thispagestyle{plain}%
    \parindent 0pt%
    \markboth{Contents}{Contents}%
    \Large{\bf Contents}\normalsize\vspace{0.5in}\linebreak%
    \@starttoc{toc}%
    }

\def\tocline#1#2#3{\medskip\vbox{
	\@dottedtocline{1}{\z@}{.4in}{#1}{#3}
	\smallskip
	\protect\@authortocline{1}{.4in}{#2}
	}
}

\def\@authortocline#1#2#3{\vskip \z@ plus .2pt
  {\leftskip #2\relax \rightskip \@tocrmarg
   \parindent\z@\relax\@afterindenttrue
   \interlinepenalty\@M
   \leavevmode 
   \@tempdimb\textwidth \advance\@tempdimb by-#2
   \advance\@tempdimb by-\@tocrmarg
   \parbox{\@tempdimb}{\pretolerance=10000\raggedright\small\sl#3}\par}}
   
\newcounter{tocpart}
\newcounter{tocsect}[tocpart]
\def\sectline#1{\stepcounter{tocsect}\vskip 3.5ex
    {{\bf Section \Alph{tocsect}. #1}}\par\smallskip}
%\def\unpartline#1{\stepcounter{tocpart}\vskip 5.5ex
\def\unpartline#1{\vskip 5.5ex
    {\bf #1}\par\bigskip}
\def\sectline#1{\stepcounter{tocsect}\vskip 3.5ex
    {{\bf Section \Alph{tocsect}. #1}}\par\smallskip}
\def\partline#1{\stepcounter{tocpart}\vskip 5.5ex
    {\bf \partname\ \Roman{tocpart}. #1}\par\bigskip}

%\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
%  \ifnum #3>\c@secnumdepth
%    \let\@svsec\@empty
%  \else
%    \refstepcounter{#1}%
%    \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}%
%  \fi
%  \@tempskipa #5\relax
%  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
%    \begingroup
%      #6{%
%        \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
%          \interlinepenalty \@M #8\@@par}%
%    \endgroup
%    \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
%  \else
%    \def\@svsechd{%
%      #6{\hskip #3\relax
%      \@svsec #8}%
%      \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
%    }%
%  \fi
%  \@xsect{#5}}

\newcommand{\marginguide}{%
  \watermark{\cropmark{0mm}{0mm}{9mm}{0mm}{115mm}}   % For Proofing:  Use this line to show margin guides
}%

\newcommand{\aspeditorialstaff}[0]{%
  \begin{center}
    {EDITORIAL STAFF\\}
  \end{center}
  \begin{center}
    {\small
    {\itshape Managing Editor:} Joseph Jensen\\
    {\itshape Associate Managing Editor:} Jonathan Barnes\\
    {\itshape Publication Manager:} Beth Wardell\\
    {\itshape Publication Consultant:} Pepita Ridgeway\\
    {\itshape e-Book Specialist:} Anh Phan\\
    %{\itshape Web Developer/Technical Consultant:} Jared M.\ Bellows\\
    %{\itshape \LaTeX\ Consultant:} T.\ J.\ Mahoney\\
    }%
  \end{center}
}%

\newcommand{\aspaddress}[0]{%
  \begin{center}
  {\small
  MS 179, Utah Valley University, 800 W. University Parkway, Orem, Utah 84058-5999\\
  Phone: 801-863-8804 \hspace{2em} E-mail: \url{aspcs@aspbooks.org}\\
  E-book site: \url{http://www.aspbooks.org}\\
  }%
  \end{center}
}%

\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\centering\hspace{0pt}}p{#1}}%

\newcommand{\asppubcommittee}[0]{%
  \begin{center}
    {PUBLICATION COMMITTEE\\}
    \medskip
  \end{center}
  \begin{center}
    {\small
    \begin{tabular*}{1\textwidth}{x{6cm} p{0.1cm} x{6cm}} %x{5cm} x{5cm}}
	  {\centering Jeff Mangum, co-Chair} & & Joseph Jensen, co-Chair\tabularnewline
      {\scriptsize National Radio Astronomy Observatory} & & {\scriptsize Utah Valley University}\tabularnewline
      \tabularnewline
      Bruce Elmegreen & & Lynne Hillenbrand\tabularnewline
      {\scriptsize IBM Watson Research Center} & & {\scriptsize California Institute of Technology}\tabularnewline
      \tabularnewline
      Doug Leonard & & Chris Packham\tabularnewline
      {\scriptsize San Diego State University} & & {\scriptsize University of Texas at San Antonio}\tabularnewline
      \tabularnewline
      %Doug Leonard & & Charles Telesco\tabularnewline
      %{\scriptsize San Diego State University} & & {\scriptsize University of Florida}
    \end{tabular*}
    }%
    Amy Mainzer\\ {\scriptsize University of Arizona}
  \end{center}
}%

% Keyword LaTeX Marks
\newcommand{\keyword}[1]{%
  \@empty%
}%

% Title Footnote Macros
\newcommand{\allowtitlefootnote}{%
  \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
}%

\newcommand{\titlefootnote}[1]{%
  \footnotetext{#1}
  \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\arabic{footnote}}
  \setcounter{footnote}{0}
}%

% Format and deliver cover illustration info if it exists
\newcommand{\providecoverinfo}{%
  \ifx \@aspcoverinfo \@empty
    \relax
  \else
    {\small \noindent {\itshape COVER ILLUSTRATION\/:}\\\hfill\\\blurb{}}
  \fi%
}%

% Format and deliver meeting info if it exists
% If the venue is empty, then do not include an 'at' or venue.
\newcommand{\providemeetinginfo}{%
  \ifx \@aspmtgtype \@empty
    \relax
  \else
    \medskip
    \begin{center}
	  \ifx \@aspmtgvenue \@empty
        Proceedings of a \mtgtype{} held\\
		\when{}
	  \else
        Proceedings of a \mtgtype{} held on\\
        \venue{}\\%
		\when{}
	  \fi%
    %\when{}
    %}
    \end{center}
  \fi%
}%

% Format and deliver first editor info if it exists
\newcommand{\provideeditorone}{%
  \ifx \@aspeditorone \@empty
    \relax
  \else
    \begin{center}
    {\bfseries \firsteditor{}}\\
    {\itshape \firstaffil{}}\\
    \end{center}
  \fi%
}%

% Format and deliver second editor info if it exists
\newcommand{\provideeditortwo}{%
  \ifx \@aspeditortwo \@empty
    \relax
  \else
    \begin{center}
    {\bfseries \secondeditor{}}\\
    {\itshape \secondaffil{}}\\
    \end{center}
  \fi%
}%

% Format and deliver third editor info if it exists
\newcommand{\provideeditorthree}{%
  \ifx \@aspeditorthree \@empty
    \relax
  \else
    \begin{center}
    {\bfseries \thirdeditor{}}\\
    {\itshape \thirdaffil{}}\\
    \end{center}
  \fi%
}%

% Format and deliver fourth editor info if it exists
\newcommand{\provideeditorfour}{%
  \ifx \@aspeditorfour \@empty
    \relax
  \else
    \begin{center}
    {\bfseries \fourtheditor{}}\\
    {\itshape \fourthaffil{}}\\
    \end{center}
  \fi%
}%

% Format and deliver fifth editor info if it exists
\newcommand{\provideeditorfive}{%
  \ifx \@aspeditorfive \@empty
    \relax
  \else
    \begin{center}
    {\bfseries \fiftheditor{}}\\
    {\itshape \fifthaffil{}}\\
    \end{center}
  \fi%
}%

% Convenient macros for preparing indexes
\newcommand{\prepareindexes}{%
  \makeindex
  \newindex{not}{ndx}{nnd}{\Large List of Notation}
  \newindex{aut}{adx}{and}{\Large Author Index}
  \newindex{sub}{sdx}{snd}{\Large Subject Index}
  \newindex{obj}{odx}{ond}{\Large ASCL Index}
  \newindex{mol}{mdx}{mnd}{\Large Spectral Feature Index}
}%

\newcommand{\nindex}[1]{\index*[not]{#1}}
\newcommand{\aindex}[1]{\index[aut]{#1}}
\newcommand{\sindex}[1]{\index*[sub]{#1}}
\newcommand{\ssindex}[1]{\index[sub]{#1}}
\newcommand{\oindex}[1]{\index*[obj]{#1}}
\newcommand{\ooindex}[1]{\index[obj]{#1}}
\newcommand{\mindex}[1]{\index*[mol]{#1}}
\newcommand{\nn}[1]{#1n}

\newcommand{\printnotationlist}{%
  \markboth{List of Notation}{List of Notation}
  \tocentry{\itshape List of Notation}{}
  \printindex[not]
}%

\newcommand{\printauthorindex}{%
  \markboth{Author Index}{Author Index}
  \tocentry{\itshape Author Index}{}
  \printindex[aut]
}%

\newcommand{\printsubjectindex}{%
  \markboth{Subject Index}{Subject Index}
  \tocentry{\itshape Subject Index}{}
  \printindex[sub]
}%

\newcommand{\printobjectindex}{%
  \markboth{ASCL Index}{ASCL Index}
  \tocentry{\itshape ASCL Index}{}
  \printindex[obj]
}%

\newcommand{\printspectralindex}{%
  \markboth{Spectral Feature Index}{Spectral Feature Index}
  \tocentry{\itshape Spectral Feature Index}{}
  \printindex[mol]
}%

% Convenient macro for preparing main matter
\newcommand{\preparemainmatter}{%
  \textwidth=5.25in 
  \textheight=8.3in 
  \headheight=18pt 
  \headsep=18pt 
  \topmargin=0in 
  \footskip=.25in
}%

\renewcommand{\contentsname}{\Large Contents}

% Convenient macro for resetting counters
\newcommand{\resetcounters}{%
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \setcounter{footnote}{0}
  \setcounter{figure}{0}
  \setcounter{table}{0}
  \setcounter{equation}{0}
  \pagestyle{myheadings}
}%

% Convenient macro for making a blank page
\newcommand{\bookblankpage}{%
  \newpage
  \thispagestyle{empty}
  \mbox{}
  \vfill
  \clearpage
}%

\newcommand{\removerunninghead}{%
  \clearpage
  \thispagestyle{empty}
  \mbox{}
  \pagebreak
}%

% Convenient file for participant list
\def\attendee#1#2#3#4{\par{\samepage\hangindent 1.5em\def\@tempa{#2}
  #1, #3, #4\ifx\@tempa\@empty\relax\else\space$\langle\,$#2$\,\rangle$\fi\par}}

% Convenient image inclusion macros for adding images easier

% For including a figure in an article
% \articlefigure{filename}{labelname}{caption}
\newcommand{\articlefigure}[4][width=.95\textwidth]{%
  \begin{figure}[!ht]
    \plotone[#1]{#2}%
	  \ifx&#4&%
	  	\typeout{(ASP) Missing Caption: \jobname, #2}
	    \relax
	  \else
      \caption{#4}%
    \fi%
	  \ifx&#3&%
	  	\typeout{(ASP) Missing Label: \jobname, #2}
	  	\relax
	  \else
      \label{#3}%
    \fi%
  \end{figure}
}%

% For including a two figures side by side in an article
% \articlefiguretwo{filename1}{filename2}{labelname}{caption}
\newcommand{\articlefiguretwo}[4]{%
  \begin{figure}[!ht]
  \plottwo{#1}{#2}%
	\ifx&#4&%
		\typeout{(ASP) Missing Caption: \jobname, #1}
	  \relax
	\else
    \caption{#4}%
  \fi%
	\ifx&#3&%
	  \typeout{(ASP) Missing Label: \jobname, #1}
	 	\relax
	\else
    \label{#3}%
  \fi%
  \end{figure}
}

% For including a three figures in an article
% \articlefigurethree{filename1}{filename2}{filename3}{labelname}{caption}
\newcommand{\articlefigurethree}[5]{%
  \begin{figure}[!ht]
  \plotthree{#1}{#2}{#3}%
	\ifx&#5&%
		\typeout{(ASP) Missing Caption: \jobname, #1}
	  \relax
	\else
    \caption{#5}%
  \fi%
	\ifx&#4&%
	  \typeout{(ASP) Missing Label: \jobname, #1}
	 	\relax
	\else
    \label{#4}%
  \fi%
  \end{figure}
}%

% For including a three figures in a two by one square in an article
% \articlefigureboxthreefilename1}{filename2}{filename3}{labelname}{caption}
\newcommand{\articlefigureboxthree}[5]{%
  \begin{figure}[!ht]
    \plotboxthree{#1}{#2}{#3}%
	  \ifx&#5&%
		  \typeout{(ASP) Missing Caption: \jobname, #1}
	    \relax
	  \else
      \caption{#5}%
    \fi%
	  \ifx&#4&%
	    \typeout{(ASP) Missing Label: \jobname, #1}
	 	  \relax
	  \else
      \label{#4}%
    \fi%
  \end{figure}
}%



% For including a four figures in a four by four square in an article
% \articlefigurefour{filename1}{filename2}{filename3}{filename4}{labelname}{caption}
\newcommand{\articlefigurefour}[6]{%
  \begin{figure}[!ht]
    \plotfour{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}%
	  \ifx&#6&%
		  \typeout{(ASP) Missing Caption: \jobname, #1}
	    \relax
	  \else
      \caption{#6}%
    \fi%
	  \ifx&#5&%
	    \typeout{(ASP) Missing Label: \jobname, #1}
	 	  \relax
	  \else
      \label{#5}%
    \fi%
  \end{figure}
}%

% For including a landscape figure in an article
% Syntax:  \articlelandscapefigure{filename}{labelname}{caption}
\newcommand{\articlelandscapefigure}[3]{%
  \pagestyle{empty}
  \mbox{}
  \vfill
  \begin{center}
    \begin{landscape}
      \begin{figure}[ht]
        \includegraphics[height=0.92\textheight]{#1}%
  	    \ifx&#3&%
		      \typeout{(ASP) Missing Caption: \jobname, #1}
	        \relax
	      \else
          \caption{#3}%
        \fi%
	      \ifx&#2&%
	        \typeout{(ASP) Missing Label: \jobname, #1}
	 	      \relax
	      \else
          \label{#2}%
        \fi%
      \end{figure}
    \end{landscape}
  \end{center} 
  \vfill 
  \pagebreak
}%

% For including two figures in a landscape figure side by side in an article
% Syntax:  \articlelandscapefiguretwo{filename1}{filename2}{labelname}{caption}
\newcommand{\articlelandscapefiguretwo}[4]{%
  \pagestyle{empty}
  \mbox{}
  \vfill
  \leavevmode
  \begin{center}
    \begin{landscape}
    \begin{figure}
      \begin{minipage}[b]{0.5\linewidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{#1}%
      \end{minipage}
      \hspace{0.5cm}
      \begin{minipage}[b]{0.5\linewidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{#2}%
      \end{minipage}
  	  \ifx&#4&%
		    \typeout{(ASP) Missing Caption: \jobname, #1}
	      \relax
	    \else
        \caption{#4}%
      \fi%
	    \ifx&#3&%
	      \typeout{(ASP) Missing Label: \jobname, #1}
	 	    \relax
	    \else
        \label{#3}%
      \fi%
    \end{figure}
    \end{landscape}
  \end{center} 
  \vfill 
  \pagebreak
}%

% For including a figure
% Syntax:  \bookfigure{filename}{caption}
\newcommand{\bookfigure}[2]{%
  \begin{figure}[!ht]
    \plotone{#1}%
  \end{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \small{#2}%
  \end{center} 
}%

% For including a full page image
% This command removes slug and page number
% Syntax:  \bookfullphoto{filename}{caption}
\newcommand{\bookfullphoto}[3][width=.95\linewidth]{%
  \clearpage
  \pagestyle{empty}
  \mbox{}
  \vfill
  \begin{figure}[!ht]
    \plotone[#1]{#2}%
  \end{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \small{#3}% 
  \end{center} 
  \vfill 
  \pagebreak
}%

% For including a full page landscape image
% This command removes slug and page number
% Syntax:  \booklandscapephoto[options]{filename}{caption}
\newcommand{\booklandscapephoto}[3][height=0.85\textheight]{%
  \pagestyle{empty}
  \mbox{}
  \vfill
  \begin{center}
    \begin{landscape}
      \includegraphics[#1]{#2}\\
      %~\\
      \noindent
      \small{#3}%
    \end{landscape}
  \end{center} 
  \vfill 
  \pagebreak
}%

% For including an image for part of a page
% This command fills empty space with an editor's image
% Syntax:  \bookpartphoto{filename}{caption}
\newcommand{\bookpartphoto}[3][width=.95\linewidth]{%
  \mbox{}
  \vfill
  \begin{figure}[!ht]
    \plotone[#1]{#2}
  \begin{center}
    \small{#3}%
  \end{center} 
  \end{figure}
  \vfill 
}%

% For simplifying table of contents and file include
% Syntax:  \tocinsertentry[r or l or blank]{Title}{Author}{Latex File}
\newcommand{\tocinsertentry}[4][n]{%
%
  \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{r}}{%  Option for right side of the page specified
    \clearpage
    \ifodd\c@page
    	\relax
    \else
      \null
      \thispagestyle{empty}%
      \newpage
    \fi%
  }{%
    \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{l}}{%  Option for left side of the page specified
      \clearpage
      \ifodd\c@page
        \null
        \thispagestyle{empty}%
        \newpage
      \else
    	\relax
      \fi%
    }{}%
  }%
  \typeout{(ASP) Entry Begin: #1|#2|\arabic{page}|\jobname}
  \tocentry{#2}{#3}
  \ifx&#4&%
	\typeout{(ASP) Missing file: #1}
  \else
	\include{#4}\last
	\typeout{(ASP) Entry End: #1|#2|\arabic{page}|\jobname}		
  \fi%
}%

% For simplifying table of contents and directly including files
% Syntax:  \tocinclude{Latex File}
\newcommand{\tocinclude}[2][n]{%
  \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{r}}{%  Option for right side of the page specified
    \clearpage
    \ifodd\c@page
    	\relax
    \else
      \null
      \thispagestyle{empty}%
      \newpage
    \fi%
  }{}%
  \include{#2}\last
}%

% For simplifying table of contents and including unnumbered labels
% Syntax:  \tocinsertlabel{vspace}{Label}
\newcommand{\tocinsertlabel}[2][0in]{%
	  \addtocontents{toc}{\vspace{#1}}	
		\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\unpartline{#2}}
}%

\newcommand{\tocinsertvspace}[1]{%
	  \addtocontents{toc}{\vspace{#1}}	
}%

% For simplifying table of contents and including page breaks
% Syntax:  \tocinsertnewpage
\newcommand{\tocinsertnewpage}{%
	\addtocontents{toc}{\newpage}
}%

% For making the bullet and dash marks into boxes
% This command MUST be run between the \begin{itemize} and \end{itemize} commands.
\newcommand{\checklistitemize}{%
  \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\Box$}
  \renewcommand{\labelitemii}{\scriptsize $\Box$}
}%

% For changing the line spacing value
\newcommand{\changelinespacing}[1]{%
  \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{#1}
}%

% For formatting an email address to be clickable in a PDF file
\newcommand{\email}[1]{%
% Syntax: \email{jonathan.barnes@slcc.edu}
  \href{mailto:#1}{\footnotesize\nolinkurl{#1}}
}%

% For data services submissions (ADS, NRAO, etc.)
\newcommand{\paperauthor}[9]{%
% Syntax:  \paperauthor{Author Name}{Email}{ORCID}{Institution}{Division}{City}{State/Province}{Postal Code}{Country}
% Example usage:  \paperauthor{Jonathan~Barnes}{jonathan.barnes@slcc.edu}{0000-0003-0200-899X}{Salt Lake Community College}{Department of Physics}{Sandy}{Utah}{84094}{USA}
\typeout{(ASP) Begin Author}
\typeout{(ASP) Author Name: #1}
\typeout{(ASP) Author Email: #2}
\typeout{(ASP) Author ORCID: #3}
\typeout{(ASP) Author Institution: #4}
\typeout{(ASP) Author Division: #5}
\typeout{(ASP) Author City: #6}
\typeout{(ASP) Author State: #7}
\typeout{(ASP) Author Postal Code: #8}
\typeout{(ASP) Author Country: #9}
\typeout{(ASP) End Author}
}%

% To suppress the slug on the first page of a paper
\newcommand{\aspSuppressVolSlug}{%
% Syntax: \aspSuppressVolSlug
  \def\@slug{~}
}%

